Structural stabilization of botulinum neurotoxins by tyrosine phosphorylation
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Botulinum Neurotoxins
Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent known biological toxins and have an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) in the nanogram/kilogram range. Botulinum toxins have historically been employed as biological weapons (BW) through state-sponsored programs in Japan,...
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Botulinum neurotoxins are most potent of all toxins. Their N-terminal light chain domain (Lc) translocates into peripheral cholinergic neurons to exert its endoproteolytic action leading to muscle paralysis. Therapeutic development against these toxins is a major challenge due to their in vitro and in vivo structural differences. Although three-dimensional structures and reaction mechanisms are...
متن کاملAntipruritic Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxins.
This review explores current evidence to demonstrate that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) exert antipruritic effects. Both experimental and clinical conditions in which botulinum neurotoxins have been applied for pruritus relief will be presented and significant findings will be highlighted. Potential mechanisms underlying antipruritic effects will also be discussed and ongoing challenges and unm...
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are the most potent known toxins. The mouse LD50 assay is the gold standard for testing BoNT potency, but is not sensitive enough to detect the extremely low levels of neurotoxin that may be present in the serum of sensitive animal species that are showing the effects of BoNT toxicity, such as channel catfish affected by visceral toxicosis of catfish. Since zebrafis...
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Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs; from A to G) are metalloproteases that act on nerve terminals to prevent exocytosis. They are extensively exploited for the study of cellular physiology. Moreover, BoNTs are also employed in clinical neurology for the treatment of several disorders characterized by hyperexcitability of peripheral nerve terminals. This review summarizes...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: FEBS Letters
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0014-5793
DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00571-7